Santa Claus´ Companions
In Austria, Eslovenia and Croatia, when a child gets a present from St. Nicolas he receives a golden branch that represents his good acts during the year.
But, if the child has misbehaved, Krampus will take the presents for himself and leave only a silver branch to represent the child's bad acts. He carries chains to scare children and has got a hoof and a foot!
Children are scared into sleeping during the time St. Nicolas brings presents by being told that if they´re awake, Krampus will think they´ve been bad and will take them away in his sack!
Belsnickel is part of the folklore of Newfoundland, some parts of Canada, USA (Pennsylvania´s Dutch communities) and in Germany.
The Belsnickel shows up at houses 1 to 2 weeks before Christmas and he carries a switch in his hand with which to beat bad children.
The children escape unharmed, but they´re scared into being good so that Santa will bring them presents on Christmas.
But, if the child has misbehaved, Krampus will take the presents for himself and leave only a
Children are scared into sleeping during the time St. Nicolas brings presents by being told that if they´re awake, Krampus will think they´ve been bad and will take them away in his sack!
The Belsnickel shows up at houses 1 to 2 weeks before Christmas and he carries a switch in his hand with which to beat bad children.
The children escape unharmed, but they´re scared into being good so that Santa will bring them presents on Christmas.
A Trick of Jack Frost
Originally published May 5, 1901.
The Frost King came down to breakfast one morning in a merry mood.
"Do you know what day it is?" said he to his son Jack.
"No, your Majesty," answered Jack, who was busily eating fried icicles.
"It is my birthday," he said.
"Ah!" cried Jack, springing to his feet. "Then it is the Coldest Day of the Year."
"Exactly!" replied his father. "So to-day, my dear boy, you may mix with the Earth People and play your pranks upon them to your heart's content. Many exposed noses and ears will be ready for you to nip, and many toes and fingers to pinch; so you will easily manage to keep busy."
"I'll start at once!" exclaimed Jack; "for I do not wish to miss an hour of this merry day."
Said the little Prince of Thumbumbia: "I want to go out and play."
"It is extremely cold, your Highness," remonstrated the chief nurse, uneasily.
"That does not matter," answered the Prince. "I have furs. So I will go out of doors to play; and my cousin, the Lady Lindeva, will go with me."
"Our men-at-arms declare it is the Coldest Day of the Year," remarked the chief nurse; "and naughty Jack Frost will be abroad."
The Prince of Thumbumbia stamped his small foot.
"The furs!" he cried, imperiously.
So the chief nurse sighed and summoned her maids, to whom she gave orders to fetch the furs. The Prince and his dainty cousin, little Lady Lindeva, were wrapped from head to foot in soft, rich furs, so when the maids were through with them, only their eyes and the tips of their noses were exposed. Then a shivering guardsman opened the front door of the castle just wide enough for them to get through, and they joined their mittened hands and walked out into the big courtyard.
The sun shone brilliantly, but so intense was the cold that even the soldiers who guarded the walls had gone within their little turreted houses and none had dared brave the severe weather save the two self-willed children.
As they toddled across the stone pavement the sun cast dark shadows behind them, which clung close to the children's heels whether they went fast or slow.
The furs succeeded in keeping out the cold, but the Prince and Lady Lindeva found little to interest them in the courtyard, and began to realize the folly of venturing out.
Then merry Jack Frost came that way, and upon seeing the youngsters decided to pinch their ears. But these he found covered up. Next he thought he would nip their noses; but at the first attempt the little ones withdrew them into their furs. Jack Frost was really puzzled. He couldn't get at them anywhere.
Just at this time the prince and his cousin saw a snow-bird sitting upon the battlements and ran across the court to catch it. When they moved Jack Frost noticed the shadows following them, and a clever idea came into his head.
"I'll freeze the shadows!" he said to himself, with a laugh.
So, while the little ones stood still to watch the snow-bird, naughty Jack breathed softly upon the two shadows, which were holding hands exactly as the children did. Soon they became solid and rounded out into form, for the only reason shadows are so flat and helpless is because they are not solid. Being now frozen into shape they became greatly interested in themselves, and Jack Frost stopped long enough to put a mischievous notion into their heads.
"Let's run away," whispered the prince's shadow to that of the Lady Lindeva.
"All right; let's!" was the soft answer.
They glanced over their shoulders and then gave a look at the prince and his cousin, to whom they knew very well they belonged. But the children were intently watching the bird and had no thought for such trifling things as shadows.
Noting this, the two shadows slowly glided away, leaped the great wall with ease and ran in the direction of the Forest of Burzee. Jack Frost stood watching them as they moved swiftly over the snow, and he laughed joyously at the success of his stratagem.
The runaway shadows never stopped till they had reached the forest and gone some distance among the trees. Then, indeed, they paused to rest and recover their breaths; but each still held the other's hand and they kept close together.
Kahtah, the great tiger of Burzee, lay upon the limb of a tree and sleepily opened his eyes from time to time to look about him.
Suddenly he pricked up his ears and began moving his long tail from side to side.
"The Prince of Thumbumbia and the Lady Lindeva have come to the forest!" he growled, softly. "I can see their shadows, so the children must be just behind that clump of bushes. Surely it was my good luck that brought them here, for I am hungry today and they will do excellently for dinner."
Then he thrust his sharp claws from their sheaths, bared his big yellow teeth and gave a mighty spring that landed him exactly behind the clump of bushes where the children, according to their shadows, ought to have been.
But he struck the frozen ground and found no one there. And the shadows laughed at him.
"You were fooled that time, Kahtah!" they cried; and when the tiger turned upon them fiercely they ran away through the trees and left him.
Soon after they met with a ryl, which asked:
"Why have you run away from your owners?"
"For sport," replied the prince's shadow.
"And because we are tired with tagging after some one else," added the Lady Lindeva's shadow.
"Ah, I see," remarked the ryl, looking at them with a wise expression; "you are frozen solid now, and think you amount to something. But you don't. When the weather changes and you thaw out you will fade into the air and become lost forever. That will be bad. And the children will have no shadows ever after. That will be bad, too. Can't you see you are acting foolishly?"
The shadows hung their heads and looked ashamed.
"My advice to you," continued the ryl, "is to return to the castle as quickly as possible and join yourselves to the prince and the little girl as you were before. It is far better to tag after those high-born children than to become nothing at all. And in truth you are only shadows, who can not expect to become anything better, although you will grow bigger as your masters grow."
For a moment there was silence; then the Lady Lindeva's shadow whispered to her companion:
"The ryl is right. Let us return at once."
"Very well," replied the prince's shadow. "We have had a good run and been independent for once in our lives. But I do not care to fade into the air and become nothing at all!"
So they turned around and went back to the castle.
After the shadows had left them the little prince and his cousin decided it was too cold to remain out of doors, and the snow-bird had flown away; so they returned to the big entrance of the castle and the guard let them in. But scarcely had they reached the hall and allowed the maids to remove their furs, when a loud shout was heard and a cavalcade of horsemen rode up to the castle and dismounted in the courtyard. With them was a splendid carriage, drawn by four milk-white steeds.
The leader of these men, who were all noblemen and courtiers, entered the hall of the castle, and having bowed low before the prince he said:
"I am grieved to announce that his majesty, the king, has just died. His nearest of kin are yourself, prince, and your cousin, the Lady Lindeva. But since you are a boy, and she is a girl, we have decided to offer to you the rule of this mighty kingdom. If you will graciously ride with us to the city you shall be crowned before sunset." Then he kneeled before the prince and awaited his answer.
"I am sorry the king, my good uncle, is dead," said the boy. "But often I have thought I should like to be a king myself. So I thank you all and shall return with you to the city."
The chief nurse then replaced his soft furs and he walked out to enter the carriage which stood in waiting.
But when he stood in the bright sunshine one of the courtiers exclaimed:
"Why, the prince has no shadow!"
At this all eyes were turned upon the boy, and they saw that he alone of them all cast no shadow upon the pavement.
Silence then fell upon them, till one, more bold than the rest, said:
"It will never do to make him king; for when it is known he has no shadow the people will lose all respect for him and consider him less than a human."
"That is true," said another. "No one would obey a king so poor that he has no shadow."
"For this reason," declared the leader of the party, "we must make Lady Lindeva queen, and set her to reign over the kingdom in place of the unfortunate prince."
To this all were agreed, though many expressed regret. So the prince, who had been fully as much astonished at the loss of his shadow as any of the others, was led back into the castle and the Lady Lindeva brought forth in his stead.
But when the girl came into the sunshine the courtiers were shocked to discover that she had no more shadow than the prince. Whereupon they were puzzled how to act, and finally decided to return to the city and report the matter to Earl Highlough, who was chief man in all the kingdom.
When this great and wise statesman heard that neither the prince nor his cousin cast a shadow in the sunlight he refused to believe the report, and announced that he would himself go to the Castle of Thumbumbia and investigate the matter.
And while he was upon the way the runaway shadows stole back to the castle and sought out the boy and girl, resolving never to leave them again. The warmth of the room soon drew the frost from the shadows, and rendered them so limp and flat that they were really glad to stick close to the heels of their owners.
The Earl of Highlough presently arrived with a great train of courtiers and attendants, and at once requested the Prince of Thumbumbia to step out into the sunshine of the courtyard. This the prince did, feeling sadly the humiliation of having no shadow.
But, behold! no sooner came he into the sun than he cast a long, black shadow behind him; and the courtiers applauded his triumph, and with loud shouts hailed him as their king.
The records state that for many years the new king walked daily within the gardens of his palace in order to make sure he had not again lost his shadow. Even after he grew to manhood, and by wise rule gained the love and respect of his subjects, whenever he happened to walk out with the Lady Lindeva - now his queen - there were both accustomed to glance over their shoulders with anxious looks.
But the shadows, having learned wisdom from the ryl, never deserted them again, and Jack Frost, having new tricks to play, forgot all about the annoyance he had once caused His Royal Highness the King.
AURORAS
The Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights were named by the French scientist, Pierre Gassendi, in 1621. They were named Aurora for the Roman goddess of the dawn (known as Eos and usually described as "rosy-fingered" by the Greeks) and for the god of the North wind Boreas in Latin.
The colour spectrum of the Northern lights is determined by the gases with which the particles from the sun collide and by the altitude at which the collision takes place in the atmosphere.
These are examples of the Auroras Borealis or Northern lights which occur from 90 km to approximately 150 km above the Earth's surface. The colours can be categorised more or less as follows:
- More than 150 km: Red light
- 120 km - 150 km: Yellow-Green light
- Less than 120 km: Blue-Purple lightAnd the Coronal Auroras.
Please Come Back This Year!
Bujujuju Bujujuju
Poor Me!
Santa Claus got stuck in my chimney,
Stuck in my chimney, stuck in the chimney
Santa Claus got stuck in my chimney
When he came last year
Poor Santa Claus!
Santa Claus got stuck in my chimney,
Stuck in my chimney, stuck in the chimney
Santa Claus got stuck in my chimney
He won't come back, I fear
Bujuuu
Roly-poly, fat and round
There he was in the middle of the chimney
Not quite up and not quite down
Santa please come back to my chimney
Back to my chimney, back to my chimney
Santa please come back to my chimney
You can come back here.
Cause daddy, made a brand new chimney
Just for you this year!
Santa Claus come on down the chimney,
Please come back this year!
Santa Claus Got Stuck In My Chimney
Written by William D.Hardy, Billy Moore, Jr.
Here comes Suzy SnowFlake!
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Dressed in a snow white gown
Tap, tap, tapping at your window pane
To tell you she's in town.
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Soon you will hear her say
"Come out everyone and play with me
I haven't long to stay.
Dressed in a snow white gown
Tap, tap, tapping at your window pane
To tell you she's in town.
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Soon you will hear her say
"Come out everyone and play with me
I haven't long to stay.
If you want to make a snowman
I'll help you make one: one, two, three
If you want to take a sleigh ride
The ride's on me."
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Look at her tumbling down
Bringing joy to every girl and boy
Suzy's come to town.
Suzie's coming...
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Dressed in a snow white gown
Tap, tap, tapping at your window pane
To tell you she's in town.
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Soon you will hear her say
"Come out everyone and play with me
I haven't long to stay.
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Soon you will hear her say
"Come out everyone and play with me
I haven't long to stay.
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Soon you will hear her say
"Come out everyone and play with me
I haven't long to stay.
I haven't long to stay.
If you want to make a snowman
I'll help you make one: one, two, three
If you want to take a sleigh ride
The ride's on me."
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Look at her tumbling down
Bringing joy to every girl and boy
Suzy's come to town.
I'll help you make one: one, two, three
If you want to take a sleigh ride
The ride's on me."
Here comes Suzy Snowflake
Look at her tumbling down
Bringing joy to every girl and boy
Suzy's come to town.
South African Butterflies: Gaudy Commodore
This natives of South Africa have two forms and colours depending on the season! They are alike in form but the females are a bit larger.
The Southern subspeciesSummer form (Precis octavia sesamus natalensis).
TheWinter form (sesamus), which is a bit larger than the Summer form.
The Southern subspecies
The
Kew Gardens, London: Marianne North Gallery
Vegetation of the Addo Bush with Kaffirs and their Habitations
South Africa´s Butterflies: Red BLood and Dusky Acrae
Their wings can measure between 45–48 mm in males and 45–55 in females.
The Dusky Acraea (Acraea esebria) has the same wingspan as the Red BLood.
Kew Gardens (London) Marianne North Gallery: South Africa
Marianne North (24/10/1830 – 30/08/1890) was an English Naturalist and Botanical Artist who visited South Africa in 1883.
Haemanthus and other South African Flowers
(Haemanthus, Erythrina, Pineapple Flower, Eucomis punctata Tulbaghia alliacea, Haemanthus magnificus, Coral Tree)
"Coming out" of a Cape Beauty (Ostrich)
View of the valley of Ceres, from Mitchell's Pass, "Cabbage Plant" in front
(Othonna Compositae Othonna amplexocaulis)
Haemanthus and other South African Flowers
(Haemanthus, Erythrina, Pineapple Flower, Eucomis punctata Tulbaghia alliacea, Haemanthus magnificus, Coral Tree)
"Coming out" of a Cape Beauty (Ostrich)
View of the valley of Ceres, from Mitchell's Pass, "Cabbage Plant" in front
(Othonna Compositae Othonna amplexocaulis)
Games to Play
1) Be a Vocabulary Expert. CLicK!
2) Vocabulary Jungle. CLiCK to PLaY!
3) Animal, Vegetable or Mineral? Play!
4) CLicK on the Incorrect Word!
2) Vocabulary Jungle. CLiCK to PLaY!
3) Animal, Vegetable or Mineral? Play!
4) CLicK on the Incorrect Word!
Cape Town´s GIANT Cockroach
Unusually for insects, it gives birth to 18–24 live creatures and it even protects the young for a while.
When scared, it lifts its abdomen into the air, squeaks loudly and lets go a nasty smelling liquid from glands on its back.
Adult females can be from 30 to 40 millimetres and they have no wings! Males are a bit smaller: 29 millimetres long.
Cape Floral Kindgdom: Duvalia Inmaculata
This succulent, blooms in mid-June and grows in light shade. It needs little water and is also found in the Little Namaqualand region.
The Cuckoo Wasp: South Africa
Parasites of solitary bees and wasps.
These insects spread mostly in terrestrial habitats and will roll up into a ball in self-defence.
Here is a close up of its body surface.
These insects spread mostly in terrestrial habitats and will roll up into a ball in self-defence.
Here is a close up of its body surface.
A Fall Song
Golden and red trees.
Nod to the soft breeze.
As it whispers: ¡Winter is near!
And the brown nuts fall.
At the wind´s loud call.
For this is the Fall of the year.
By Ellen Robena Field
S. African Threatened Species: Cape Vulture
The Cape Vulture or Cape Griffon is only found in Southern Africa.
VIDEO of it flying and with its chicks. CLiCK!
Amazing South African Athletes
In 2004 she became the first woman to climb the East face of the Central Torres del Paine in Patagonia (Chile).
In February 2005 she climbed the "Compressor" route on Cerro Torre.
South African Rock Climber: CLICK to WATCH a VIDEO about Marianne Pretorius
On 21 August 2005 Marianne Pretorius, accompanied by Peter Lazarus, James Pitman and Andreas Kiefer reached the top of Trango Tower in Pakistan, becoming the third woman to step on the summit.
In February 2005 she climbed the "Compressor" route on Cerro Torre.
South African Rock Climber: CLICK to WATCH a VIDEO about Marianne Pretorius
On 21 August 2005 Marianne Pretorius, accompanied by Peter Lazarus, James Pitman and Andreas Kiefer reached the top of Trango Tower in Pakistan, becoming the third woman to step on the summit.
Willi Besters: South African Artist & Sculptor
His works are collages assembled from scraps and junk from flea markets and townships like shoes, bones, tins, newspaper clippings and metal pieces combined with oil paints and photographs.
His father was Xhosa and his mother was classified coloured by the
When he was 10 years old his family was force to move in accordance with the Group Areas Act and Besterhad to leave school to help the family economically.
One of his works was sold for £10.000 at a Sotheby´s auction in London.
South Africa´s Sarpa Salpa Fish
Etymology: Sarpa: Spanish, sarpo, sapo = toad (a toad-fish)
Salema Porgy: This fish was consumed during the Roman Empire as a recreational drug, because it produces hallucinations!
It is presently believed that the fish ingests a particular algae or phytoplancton which causes it to become hallucinogenic.
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